Writing Introductions and Conclusions to Essay free essay sample

The nature of an exposition presentation frequently decides if the article gets read in any case. A decent presentation gives the peruser a decent introductory impression, lures the peruser to peruse on, and urges the peruser to give a great assessment toward the end. The subject of your paper will outline or investigate in the body of the article which end up being increasingly impactful. Thus, the presentation ought to consistently be planned in such a manner, so it pulls in the perusers consideration and give them an appropriate thought of the expositions center. n. The capacity of presentation The presentation has different functions.All the capacities applied on an acquaintance will assist author with manufacture a fine beginning. Eve isolated the capacity into a few section and clarify each propose of capacity. 1. Depicting foundation data Providing foundation data in an article acquaintance fills in as a scaffold with connect the peruser to the subject of an exposition. We will compose a custom article test on Composing Introductions and Conclusions to Essay or on the other hand any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page In any case, precisely to what extent this scaffold ought to be is generally reliant on how much data the author figures the peruser will require so as to comprehend the issue being examined in the exposition and welcome the significance Of the issue.F-or numerous college composing, one great dependable guideline for understudies to decide if enough ashore data has been given is to peruse the draft prologue to individual understudies from different resources and see whether they comprehend what is being discussed. 2. Fascinating the Reader It is fundamental to catch your perusers eye in the initial barely any sentences of your paper. You can accomplish this by opening with an intriguing truth, measurement or statement. 3. Getting the perusers consideration Some normal methodologies used to draw in the perusers enthusiasm to an exposition are: I. Tell a sensational account. Ii.Present amazing realities and measurements. Iii. Utilize a fitting citation. Iv. Pose a provocative inquiry. . Recount to a clear close to home story. Vi. Characterize a key term. Vii. Present an intriguing perception. 4. Lead to the proposition explanation. The focal thought or postulation proclamation in an exposition presentation is the most significant piece of the paper and is accordingly it is essential. The proposal explanation is typically a couple of sentences long and mentions to the peruser what the entire exposition will be about. It shows up close or toward the finish of the presentation section. It gives subtleties that step by step move towards an affirmation that frames the focal point of the article. Without the postulation, the presentation is fragmented. 5. Expressing your Argument It is significant that your peruser knows from the start exactly what you will be contending in your paper. This will guarantee your paper is clear and influential. Utilizing the catchphrases, quickly outlines your contention in only a couple of sentences. 6. Presenting your Evidence After getting your perusers consideration and expressing your contention, a successful presentation ought to present the parts of the subject or the proof that you intend to look at in the principle body of the article so as to help your case. This segment shouldn't be long; a solitary sentence will do the trick. This is the last advance recorded as a hard copy your presentation. Your peruser is locked in, has a full comprehension of your case and is set up to perceive how the focuses in the body Of your article bolster your contention. An appropriate article presentation consistently makes a decent paper. It isn't vital that you need to give the whole task to them yet you can generally give this part which is of indispensable significance to you. When you have given the subject and the essential thought of the paper the presentation will be elegantly composed according to your ideal requirement.Essay end is the end section toward the finish of the exposition to repeat our proposition proclamation (key article thought) with solid focuses. The end is the last opportunity to convince your perusers to your perspective, to present yourself for them as an author and scholar. What's more, the impression you make in your decision will shape the feeling that stays with your perusers after theyve completed the paper. It is not the same as outline. Synopsis repeats the primary concerns of your paper while end wraps up the article in an unmistakable and fascinating manner accentuating on your closely-held conviction or recommending an arrangement of action.It is typically an a few lines passage that sakes the peruser feel that exposition is finished. V . The capacity of the papers Conclusion 1. It helps the peruser to remember the qualities of the contention. It emphasizes the most significant proof supporting the contention. Your decision isn't just a dull outline as this diminishes the effect of the contention you have created in your paper. 2. The determination gives a gathering to you to influentially and compactly repeat your postulation given. The peruser has been given all the data about the theme. . The finishing up passage additionally contains a reflection on the proof introduced, or on the expositions postulation. The idea of the reflection will rely upon your point I. Dont basically sum up your article. A short synopsis of your contention might be valuable, particularly if your article is long in excess of ten pages or somewhere in the vicinity. Be that as it may, shorter papers tend not to require a repetition of your principle thoughts. Ii. Maintain a strategic distance from phrases taking everything into account, to close, in rundown, and to summarize. These expressions can be helpful even greeting in oral presentations.But perusers can see, by the obvious pressure of the pages, when a paper is going to end. Youll disturb your crowd in the event that you dwell on the self-evident. Iii. Fight the temptation to apologize. In the event that youve drenched yourself in your subject, you currently discover significantly more about it than you can remember for a five-or ten-or 20-page paper. Thus, when you eve got done with keeping in touch with you might be having a few questions about what youve delivered. (Also, in the event that you havent inundated yourself in your subject, you might be feeling significantly progressively far fetched about your exposition as you approach the end. Stifle those questions. Dont undercut your position by making statements like, this is only one way to deal with the subject; there might be other, better methodologies.. W. Suggestions for end are: I. A rundown passage of a few lines. Ii. Wraps up the paper so it should leave an imprint on the peruser utilizing decisive and great explanations. Iii. Ought to imaginatively emphasize the fundamental thought of the exposition. Iv. Putting inquiries to perusers help them to increase another perspective on the subject. V. Abstain from utilizing new focuses toward the end. VOW.Conclusion (the end part) The finish of a paper ought to accordingly pass on a feeling of culmination, its bigger significance, and its suggestions: the last passage should shut the conversation without stopping it. IX. Book reference I. White, 2006). HOW - or compose Essay . ND deed. London: McGraw slope. Ii. Holland, M. (1996). The end presentation of paper. Accessible from: http://www. Cam. Air conditioning. UK/composing/paper/essayconstructureEIectronic maimmaterialoIlowfollowingssed on lth Sep,lath0Seep iii. WanIiiQ. (2007) The Academic composing abroad. Bei JingBeehJinne Tsing HuTestingvHuhity Press. iv. JameIvThe Essay Structure.Oxford: Oxford college Press. X . Index Essay composing significant piece of the paper and is in this manner fundamental. The proposal articulation is normally one or tv#1042TV0 sentences long and mentions to the peruser what the entire paper will be about. A postulation proclamation can be immediate or aberrant. An immediate proposal explanation gives a particular blueprint of the paper. For instance, one of my understudies (in his exposition entitled The Qualities of a Successful TechnoprTechnocracies the accompanying proposition articulation: The three center characteristics that a technoprtechnocraciesssess to be fruitful are vision, a never-state quit demeanor and a creative psyche. This sentence mentions to the peruser what the exposition will be about (I. e. thI qEalThees a technoprtechnocraciesssess so as to succeed) and gives an auxiliary diagram (I. e. thIt EheThatay will omprise memoriesain parts, each bit separately covering one of the three characteristics referenced). In a backhanded proposal explanation, no such blueprint is given; be that as it may, the peruser will in any case recognize what part of the point the paper will talk about. For instance, on a similar point, another of my understudies composed this theory proclamation: In todays quickly changing innovation advertise, just technoprdecorousnesssess certain characteristics will succeed while the individuals who don't will waver and fall in the war zone. From this sentence, the peruser can even now anticipate that the exposition should discuss a few characteristics of an effective echnoprecomprehend/she will neither know precisely which and what number of characteristics the article will cover, nor foresee what number of parts the author will talk about in the fundamental body paragraphs.The tension given by a circuitous proposal explanation now and again gives the peruser a valid justification to peruse on. The most effective method to compose paper [pic] ikepickgoekestory, an exposition ought to have a start, a center and an end. Very regularly, understudies disregard the start. Initial introductions check and the prologue to your article ought to be no ex emption. A presentation is essential since it both plans and energizes the peruser. Composing a viable opening aragrapharcographable your peruser to see where you are going with your article from the beginning, permitting them to completely connect with your argument.The best presentations additionally interest the peruser, starting their enthusiasm for the remainder of your paper. Your presentation need not be long yet you do need to keep in touch with one. The accompanying tips on writing your initial passage make certain to spare you from that scandalous article a mental obstacle. Finding the Key Words First of all, make a second to stride back and have a decent glance at the exposition question. Which specific words leap out at you? These catchphrases will help ou to thok about what the article

The Crucible

The Crucible-Struggles in the Play Essay The Crucible-Struggles in the PlayThe Crucible, by Arthur Miller, is a story that contains numerous battles. These battles come to fruition because of the exacting Puritan culture in which the story happens. There are two fundamental battles in the book. The first never really happens in the story, yet is depicted commonly all through the principal demonstration and is the reason for the preliminaries. It is Abigails and the various young ladies should be free and act like adolescents. The second is the consequence of the defilement of the preliminaries. It is John Proctors battle to persuade the townspeople that the blamed ladies are not witches (particularly his better half), and that it is Abigail who ought to be murdered. In Puritan culture, the job of the youngster is to be tranquil, and avoid the way. When Abigail is being viewed as a witch in the primary snapshots of the story, Rev. Paris is exceptionally stressed over how this will impact his picture, and not of the destiny of Abigail. We will compose a custom article on The Crucible-Struggles in the Play explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now It is this general public where Abigail wants to loosen up and to act the manner in which a youngster should: unreservedly. This is the motivation behind why she goes out in the woods. She is communicating her need to behave and to break out of the limitations of Puritan law. Her battle is to do what she needs in a general public that puts stock in bossing her around. It becomes clear not long after the preliminaries began that numerous individuals would have been erroneously denounced by their neighbors as a technique for vengeance, and as an outlet for their vindictiveness. When Abigail utilizes this case to assault Rebecca Nurse, probably the best puritan in the Salem, John Proctor starts his endeavors to stop the bad form. This increments when Elizabeth Proctor is attempted and condemned to death. This is John Proctors battle. He should battle to spare his significant other, his locale and in the long run himself. Moreover, he likewise needs to persuade the pioneers of Salem that they are mixed up in putting stock in Abigail. Despite the fact that Abigail and Proctor are mortal adversaries, their battles can be viewed as practically indistinguishable. The two of them have to change the way the higherarchy of Salem is getting things done. And furthermore, them two might simply want to live ordinary lives (nonetheless, when Abigail acknowledges she can't have this, she goes insane by blaming everyone). This is indicated when John Proctor breaks a portion of the harsher of the Puritan rule, and that he detests the entirety of the discourses about punishment given by Rev. Paris. Sadly, the battle of Abigail goes amiss and brings about numerous individuals kicking the bucket, while the valiant endeavors of John Proctor can't spare Salem from probably the best disaster in American history. The Crucible The Crucible-Injustice Essay In The Crucible, by Arthur Miller, equity and unfairness is depicted through the characters of John Proctor, Elizabeth Proctor and Abigail Williams. It is likewise appeared through the minor characters of Mary Warren and Mercy Lewis, adherents of Abigail Williams, and through Danforth and different townspeople. After Abigail Williams and the young ladies are found moving in the timberland by Reverend Parris, there are gossipy tidbits about black magic among them, when Betty Parris and Ruth Putnam are found â€Å"witched†. When the young ladies find this, they become increasingly more scared of being blamed for black magic. Abigail is the first to â€Å"admit† to seeing the fallen angel, and the various young ladies participate, so the accuse won't be put for them. â€Å"I saw Sarah Good with the Devil. I saw Goody Osburn with the Devil. I saw Bridget Bishop with the Devil.† Once the allegations started, numerous honest individuals in the network were removed. They were then either compelled to concede that they were witches, to liberate themselves from an open hanging, or deny that they were witches, sparing their trustworthiness, however exposing themselves to an out of line open hanging. One of the primary individuals to be charged, was Rebecca Nurse, spouse of Franci s Nurse, a very much regarded man of the network. This unsettling influence caused incredible nervousness among the individuals in Salem, as they would have least presumed Rebecca Nurse to be one to manage the Devil. â€Å"If Rebecca Nurse be corrupted, at that point nothing’s left to prevent the entire green world from burning.† Goody Putnam was the one to blame her for black magic, for the demise of her seven children, yet even with no simply confirmation, Rebecca Nurse is hanged for â€Å"sending her soul out on them.†Wild allegations are flying between individuals in Salem. On account of Martha Corey, Walcott blamed Corey for black magic, to dole out a retribution that had happened four or five years prior. Walcott asserted that in the wake of purchasing a pig from Corey, it kicked the bucket not long after that and â€Å"from that day to this he can't keep a pig alive for more than four weeks.†Giles Corey, Martha Corey’s spouse, was later kill ed for an alternate explanation. He would not give the name of a man who heard Putnam state he was â€Å"killing his neighbors for their land.† Giles Corey kicked the bucket a low demise, incredible stones set on his chest, squeezing him gradually to death. We will compose a custom article on The Crucible-Injustice explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now Any incredible cases were taken in by the courts, and everybody had motivation to denounce another, subsequent in numerous guiltless passings. The principle informer, Abigail Williams, had a ulterior intention to wreck Elizabeth Proctor. Already, Abigail had an unsanctioned romance with Elizabeth’s spouse, John Proctor, and Abigail accepted on the off chance that she evacuated Elizabeth, she would have John to herself. The vast majority of Abigail’s charges depended on bogus cases, accepting the connection among her and John Proctor to be genuine romance. On account of Abigail’s contorted plot of putting a needle in herself to imply Elizabeth’s â€Å"familiar spirit† pushing it in, and Cheever finding a poppet in the Proctor’s house, Elizabeth is accused of homicide. Delegate acknowledges what Abigail is attempting to do, and feels regret, as he is somewhat to blame for his relationship with Abigail. â€Å"I’ll not give my significant other to vengeance.† At the preliminary, Proctor not, at this point attempted to ensure himself and confesses to engaging in extramarital relations with Abigail, discloses Abigail’s plan to crush Elizabeth for retribution. Elizabeth is brought in to make sure about these cases, however doesn't admit to John being a miscreant, to spare his notoriety and to ensure him. â€Å"Elizabeth, I have admitted it.†Mary Warren, a supporter of Abigail Williams and John Proctor’s worker, needed to admit to the court, the wrongness and treachery of the enti re occurrence, the young ladies creative mind going out of control, just to spare themselves from being indicted for black magic, themselves. John Proctor learns this reality, and powers Mary to admit, to offer equity to the remainder of the network. The young ladies are allowed to guard themselves against the case that they were just acting. To demonstrate their guiltlessness, Abigail drives them to go about as though Mary Warren had send her soul as a yellow winged animal up on the rafters. The girls’ hysterics, makes Mary Warren break her hindrance, and tumbles to Abigail’s pressure. Mary Warren at that point lets shamefulness win by blaming John Proctor to be â€Å"the Devil’s man† and her assertion is accepted. In view of Mary’s failure to talk reality, Proctor is removed. The court of Salem, was a joke of the court framework, as the court individuals needed feelings that fit them. There is a urgent blemish in the court framework, when Danfort h claims that â€Å"witchcraft is ipso facto, all over and by its temperament, an undetectable crime†¦.we must depend upon her casualties and they do testify..† He proposes that there is no noticeable proof, so they should depend on the expression of the observers along. Yet, he can't tell in the event that he has untrustworthy sources or not, however wants to accept the expression of Abigail and the young ladies, over some other individuals from the network. At the point when Mary Warren and John Proctor challenge the court procedures, by Mary conceding that the data that Abigail and the young ladies are giving are bogus, the court is not really persuaded. Be that as it may, later when Mary turns her back and blames John for black magic, the court promptly takes this data on board, and John is removed. Likewise, when Elizabeth doesn't admit to John being a miscreant, this declaration is utilized to incredible degree, so to the court individuals they accept that John was without a doubt lying. The individuals from the court puts together its decisions with respect to what they need to hear, bringing about a significant number of the denounced, passing on in a blameless, unfair way. .u07518a180d1d90759fdaa0bf9f88eac0 , .u07518a180d1d90759fdaa0bf9f88eac0 .postImageUrl , .u07518a180d1d90759fdaa0bf9f88eac0 .focused content zone { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .u07518a180d1d90759fdaa0bf9f88eac0 , .u07518a180d1d90759fdaa0bf9f88eac0:hover , .u07518a180d1d90759fdaa0bf9f88eac0:visited , .u07518a180d1d90759fdaa0bf9f88eac0:active { border:0!important; } .u07518a180d1d90759fdaa0bf9f88eac0 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u07518a180d1d90759fdaa0bf9f88eac0 { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; obscurity: 1; change: mistiness 250ms; webkit-change: haziness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u07518a180d1d90759fdaa0bf9f88eac0:active , .u07518a180d1d90759fdaa0bf9f88eac0:hover { darkness: 1; change: murkiness 250ms; webkit-progress: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u07518a180d1d90759fdaa0bf9f88eac0 .focused content region { width: 100%; position: relative; } .u07518a180d1d90759fdaa0bf9f88eac0 .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content improvement: underline; } .u07518

What Is Cyber Hygiene and the Benefits of It in Your Business

What Is Cyber Hygiene and the Benefits of It in Your Business Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now!What Is Cyber Hygiene and the Benefits of It in Your BusinessUpdated On 12/12/2017Author : Pradeep KumarTopic : SecurityShort URL : https://hbb.me/2BCNgLd CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlogWith so many business functions completed on digital devices these days, from product development and planning, through to communication between teams, sales and marketing, finance, and human resources, it’s incredibly important for businesses, small and large, to ensure their systems are secure.Hackers are more prevalent than ever, and come up with increasingly sophisticated ways to break into networks and steal or ransom information; plus businesses can lose huge amounts of money if their computers crash, freeze, don’t retain data, or otherwise play up.As a result, business owners and managers must look for ways to keep online systems running smoothly. One of the ways you can go about doing this is through what’s known as “cyber hygiene.” Read on for the lowdown on what this term means and how you can take advantage of it today.What Cyber Hygiene IsThe term “cyber hygiene,” also known as “security hygiene,” is a phrase that was created to reference the establishment and maintenance of behaviors, daily routines, regular checks, and the like that are necessary in order to keep an organization’s, or individual’s, online security healthy. When you and your team practice comprehensive security hygiene (which involves numerous steps), your firm’s risk of being hacked and having systems and networks crashed or held for ransom dramatically reduces.Benefits of Cyber HygieneThere are lots of benefits to be enjoyed when you get proactive about cyber hygiene. Apart from there being less chance of hackers breaking into devices and networks because security gaps are plugged, you’ll also be able to:Find unmanaged assetsProtect customer dataLocate an d fix any outdated admin privileges (e.g., from team members who are no longer working for the company)Identify unauthorized software on your systemsMore easily run checks for compliance auditsTips for Maintaining Security Health for Your BusinessThere are lots of simple yet effective steps you and your team can take to maintain the security health of your business. For example, start by ensuring everyone within the firm uses comprehensive passwords that hackers won’t be able to crack. Avoid common yet terribly lax codes like the word “password,” “admin,” or “123456.”Furthermore, passwords should be made up of a minimum of eight characters, using upper- and lower-case letters, symbols, and numbers. The codes chosen should never be related to details that hackers might be able to find online on websites and social media platforms, such as the company or personal names, dates, and taglines.READ7 Simple Tips To Enhance Your WordPress Blog SecurityIt is also wise to use di fferent passwords on different devices and website logins so that if one code gets discovered by a cybercriminal, this won’t put everything at risk all at once. Get your team to update their passwords on a regular basis, too. Around every three months, or so is typically a good option. If people struggle to remember passwords, which is understandable, consider using a quality password manager.Next, another simple yet effective step you can take to increase cyber hygiene within your organization is to install security software on all computers and other internet-enabled devices. This will stop things like malicious codes and viruses being embedded on your devices and will alert you and your team to dangerous websites and links.Adding firewalls is also a good idea, as this adds another line of defense against hackers, particularly when it comes to them breaking in via the internet. Don’t forget to secure Wi-Fi in the office (and any other places where business computers are used), too, because hackers can try to get access to data via unsecured wireless networks. You should also have staff members run updates on their computers regularly. This should be done for firewalls and security software, plus browsers, operating systems, apps, media players, and anything else where security gaps can crop up over time.Lastly, to cover yourself in case a hacker does get into your firm’s systems and hold information for ransom, or just delete or remove it, regularly back up data. Ransomware attacks, in particular, have become increasingly common in the last year or two and can be a huge issue for businesses. Wherever possible, try to have employees and contractors complete all of their work on programs which are automatically backed up to the cloud and to on-site servers. This doesn’t cost a fortune these days because there are lots of software programs you can use for an affordable monthly or annual cost.

Harold Pinter Biography Examples

This paper is the result of my research on the British dramatist, Harold Pinter. There is so much material available on Pinter that it was sometimes hard to decide exactly what to use, so I have limited my source texts to two authoritative reference books. As well as giving biographical information, I have tied to trace his contribution to the theatre, but even that was slightly problematic, since he did so much – he directed, acted and wrote for the theatre. Even if we concentrate on his writing, we are dealing potentially with a huge amount since he wrote plays, poems, short stories, one novel, radio plays, newspaper articles, screenplays – the list goes on. I have sometimes mentioned these other writing activities, but have concentrated on his writing for the stage. Harold Pinter was born on October 10, 1930 and became the most influential writer in British theatre in the second half of the twentieth century.   He was born into a relatively humble Jewish family in London’s East End and was evacuated from the capital during the Second World War. After the war he was educated at Hackney Downs Grammar School, this was a formative period in his life: he made friends at school with other male students to whom he was to remain emotionally close to for the rest of their adult lives. He also came under the influence of an English teacher at the school who encouraged Pinter to act in school productions and to write for the school magazine, needless to say, perhaps, Pinter shone at English.   His first published poem appeared in the school magazine when he was seventeen and at the age of twenty several poems appeared in the poetry magazine Poetry London. School also gave him a lifelong passion for sport, especially cricket. His entry into the world of the theatre was rather chaotic and haphazard. He spent two terms at Rada, but dropped out and was then fined of refusing to do compulsory military service: Pinter registered as a conscientious objector and spent most of the fifties taking small acting roles, but also working at other jobs – postman, waiter, bouncer – while continuing to dabble with writing. In 1957 his first play, The Room, was written and performed at Bristol University; Pinter wrote it in three days so that his friend from school, Henry Woolf, could have a play to direct to complete his PhD. The play was a great success and caught the attention of Michael Codron, a leading British producer and director, who was keen to put on Pinter’s next play, The Birthday Party, which opened at the Lyric Theatre, Hammersmith in 1958. The play was a flop commercially and critically. However, the influential Sunday Times theatre critic Harold Hobson gave it a superb review, hailing Pinter as the most original talent working in the theatre in London – although the production had already stopped by the time the review appeared. The next ten years of play writing cemented Pinter’s reputation with a string of successful productions. Pinter’s work is credited with introducing Absurdist drama into British theatre and his lays also had an air of menace and threat, often arising from the most ordinary of situations. In this earl period of his work an element of animalistic violence always runs beneath he civilized faà §ade of his scenes. (Drabble, 2000, p. 793) Even the most mundane objects carry a threat of danger, such as the vacuum cleaner in The Caretaker. Plays such as The Birthday Party (1958), The Caretaker (1960), The Lover (1963) and The Homecoming (1965) had turned Pinter into a celebrity and he was also continuing to act, to write plays for the radio and to write poems and, increasingly, film scripts. (Alexander 364) In 1956 he had married an English actress Vivien Merchant and they had a son born in 1958 called Daniel. However, the marriage was troubled: Pinter had a series of clandestine affairs, although Merchant acted to great acclaim in most of his plays up until the mid seventies.   Pinter’s 1978 play Betrayal is based on this period of his life. Pinter was increasingly a public figure, actively involved in left-wing politics and campaigns against nuclear weapons and the system of apartheid in South Africa. In 1975 he and Merchant finally separated after Pinter admitted to having an affair with Lady Antonia Frazier, an eminent British historian. Pinter and Frazier married in 1980. One sad fact is that Pinter’s son changed his name to Daniel Brand and remained completely unreconciled with his father, not attending the funeral. From the late sixties onwards Pinter write lots of plays dealing with memories and the uncertainty and ambiguity of our relationship with the past – plays such as No Man’s Land (1975), Betrayal (1978) and A Kind of Alaska (1982), but after 1980 his dramatic output became increasingly radical and pollicised. This was partly a reaction to the right-wing neo-conservatism of the Thatcher government, but also reflected his stance on foreign wars and Western interference in the Third World. He was a passionate advocate for freedom of speech and the importance of the arts and often lent his very public support to left-wing causes at home and abroad. It is also said that his increased political engagement was due to his new-found domestic happiness. As he grew older his output decreased but his contribution to literature and to the theatre was increasingly celebrated and recognized with a string of awards, honorary degrees and revivals of his plays. This culminated in 2005 with the award of the Nobel Prize for Literature. Pinter continued to be active, appearing on stage for the last time in Beckett’s Krapp’s Last Tape at the Royal Court Theatre in London in October 2006 – very appropriately since he had always acknowledged Beckett as a key influence on his own work. He died on Christmas Eve 2008 during a revival of No Man’s Land in London. Well before his death the word ‘Pinteresque’ had been coined. According to Alexander (2000) it means two things in particular: Inconsequential cross-talk, less logical than Beckett’s, with pauses and silences, gives way occasionally, as also in Beckett, to operatic arias of banality expressing the loneliness of the speaker. (p. 364) And also: undefined ominousness. The neurosis of Beckett’s speakers has a metaphysical dimension, a fear of death, eternity, nothingness. Pinter’s are scared of being found out or beaten up. (p. 364) Drabble (2000) puts his appeal down to his themes: â€Å"nameless menace, erotic fantasy, obsession and jealousy, family hatreds, and mental disturbance.† (p. 793) Works Cited Alexander, Michael. (2000). A History of English Literature. London: Palgrave Macmillan. Drabble, Margaret (ed). (2000). The Oxford Companion to English Literature. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Napoleon Bonaparte And The Reign Of Terror - 792 Words

3.2~ The Reign of Terror was a point in time during the French Revolution in which Maximilien Robespierre attempted to live in â€Å"republic of virtue†, which didn’t end well for France. For instance, Robespierre ruled as a dictator in terms of remaining loyal to his duties. Also, another example would be his decisions which impacted his reputation along with his overall personality as a whole. First off foremost, Robespierre didn’t feel pity for his subjects and during the Reign of Terror, 40,000 people were killed for non-existent purposes. Furthermore, one person got executed due to the fact that he accidentally chopped off a tree which was quite significant to the empire, however, Robespierre was very careless and continued with his†¦show more content†¦As a result, Napoleon relied on honestly and whomever didn’t stay true to their words was removed from the office being replaced by better representatives of the school board officials from th e lycà ©es.Furthermore, Napoleon defended his empire by planning out war sites ahead of time and maintaining a strong background in terms of the army and physical overview when it came to the structure of his empire. 5.1~ The main events that led to Napoleon’s downfall were based on creating a blockade, making his brother the king of Spain, and trying to conquer Russia. For example, Napoleon came up with different systems to contribute to the downfall of Britain, although he never took inconsideration of his own empire. Also, another example would include having to overthink basic strategies which backfired him. Furthermore, Napoleon’s thoughts on the blockade system were that it would stop any trade with Britain which would bring down their economy, however it led to the continental system and instead it impacted the French economy. Also, making his brother the king of Spain didn’t end up so well when it came to the guerilla warfare since the Spanish peasants were upset because they thought that whatever happened to the French Empire, would occur to the Spanish Empire as well. Furthermore, Napoleon’s major defeat which started off his ending period of ruling France was the BattleShow MoreRelatedNapoleon Bonaparte As A Multi Faceted Genius1094 Words   |  5 PagesNour Ziena Mrs. Mackenzie CLN4U 2016-03-28 Introduction Throughout history, men have always been able to conquer different lands. But of these men â€Å"The Little Corporal also known as Napoleon Bonaparte was able to cast a long shadow, from Holland to Egypt, from Moscow to Cadiz. The code Napoleon still remains with us, as the Arc de Triomphe and the memory of a multi-faceted genius. Throughout the history Europe, kings and dictators have been infamous for their voracious desire for control and completeRead MoreFrench Revolution and Nationalism1411 Words   |  6 Pagesmovement. From the Declaration came the Reign of Terror, led by the National Convention. Enlightenment thought and the idea of equal rights were warped and mislead during the Terror. After the execution of one of the Convention’s main leaders, Maximillien Robespierre, France entered into a period of well-needed recovery and regrouping. This period of recovery was led by the French Directory. 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AP-Suffrage In England - 1416 Words

Describe the steps taken between 1832 and 1918 to extend the suffrage in England. What group and movements contributed to the extension of the vote? Several groups, movements and reform bills passed between 1832 and 1918 extended the suffrage in England. The process took many years and the voting rights were first given to the wealthier and more distinguished men, then later to the less wealthy men, and finally to women. The major reform bills that extended the suffrage in England were the Reform Bill of 1832, 1867, and 1884, and the Qualification of Women Act in 1917. (Mazour, Peoples) The suffrage movement began in 1832 when the Reform Bill of 1832 was passed by parliment. The Prime Minister since 1830, Earl Grey, authored the Bill and†¦show more content†¦Another problem with the voting system was the lack of a private vote. Employers could influence the way their employees voted by threatening to punish them if they failed to vote for their preffered candidate. This prob lem was fixed in 1872, when William Gladstones government passed the Ballot Act which guaranteed a secret system of voting. Although the immediate results of the reform act were not earth shattering, the country had taken, as Lord Derby said, a leap in the dark. Strikes, union advances, and labor organization were powerful forces for change in the final years of the century. William Gladstone was elected as Prime Minister of England for the second time in 1880 and the most important legislative action that took place during his second ministry was the Reform Act of 1884. The reform act was rejected the first time it was presented to the House of Lords, but accepted the second time because it was accompanied by a redistribution act, which had the following implications. (i) seventy-nine towns with populations smaller than 15,000 lost their right to elect an MP; (ii) thirty-six with populations between 15,000 and 50,000 lost one of their MPs and became single member constituencies; (i ii) towns with populations between 50,000 and 165,000 were given two seats; (iv) larger towns and the country constituencies were divided into single member constituencies (http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PR1885.htm). The actual Reform Act of 1884Show MoreRelatedEnglish Colonies in North America (Ap Us History)1253 Words   |  6 PagesAP US History English Colonies in North America Before the seventeenth century, countries such as Portugal and Spain had controlled the rich lands of the Americas, and England was left out of the race due to religious conflict back home. However, when Queen Elizabeth came into power, England’s power also rose in the colonial game in the America. Some of the first colonies they gathered are the ones of Virginia and Carolina. 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Communication and Personality in Negotiation free essay sample

Communication and Personality in Negotiation Paper RaLonda Blacklock August 23, 2010 MGT/445 – Organizational Negotiation – Jerry Tuttle This paper is about my negotiation skills and personality of time management. I will analyze the roles of communication, my personality in negotiation, and the contribution and detraction from the negotiation process. Negotiation is a process between two or more parties in hopes of arriving to a mutual agreement. Negotiation requires a common goal and in most cases includes: communication, a relationship, commitment, interest, alternatives, options, and legitimacy, which are also known as the elements of negotiation. Peter Starks says â€Å"negotiation is not an event, it is a process† (n. d. ). Negotiation is a choice where two parties battles to the end to reach an agreement of the desired choice. The negotiation process in itself requires time, therefore to negotiate an issue against an issue is redundant, but it happens. The question to ask is how do you negotiate with time? I find myself negotiating time on several occasions, which is primarily because of poor time management. In most cases my schedule if filled with a variety of tasks to complete, because of many jobs and responsibilities that I have. So my negotiation process begins with prioritizing. Prioritizing is an aspect of time management that helps to determine the most important task to the least important task. Prioritizing also helps determine the amount of time needed to complete each task. In my negotiation process with prioritizing in most cases are under the rule of irrational escalation of commitment. According to Lewicki-Saunders-Barry, escalation of commitment is partly individual perception and judgment (2006). My commitment to the various tasks I face daily or perhaps weekly causes me to negotiate the time of when to complete each task and how to do it effectively under the time straint I am under. The problem is when I am not allowing for incidentals. My time management schedule only includes job duties and functions that can and will be completed without the presence of incidental. When using the elements of negotiation, one is communication. How does one communicate with time in negotiating? In my case, I rations within myself to determine when will be the best time to begin and end a task. The majority of the time the task begins and ends in the eleventh hour, which is also an element of poor time management. To negotiate with time through communication requires writing down each task, thinking it through thoroughly and learning to say no. These elements of time management are to benefit the process when used properly. The negative of this process would be to implement them and not make proper use of them. Which indicates the negotiation process of failed. Simply because I am not taking the control of time, but allowing time to control me. According to Peter Stark time spent negotiating plays a critical role and will conclude in the final 20% of time allowed (n. d. ). This is saying that on 20% of the time negotiated will be used. Therefore, I must have patience to achieve what I set out to do. So in my negotiation process with time, I must allow for time to take its course. If you were to evaluate my negotiation behavior with time, it would be more on the style of avoiding and compromising, which may conflict with my personality factors of conscientiousness. Organization and avoidance is not a good negotiation mix. If a person is organized and responsible, there should be no reason to avoid an issue, but more the reason to take it on full force. Preparation is a part of the process of negotiation and facing the process early makes it easier to reach the common goal; completing the task on time. I chose this subject matter for my negotiation paper because I find myself constantly negotiating when to begin and complete a task. Although I spend a large amount of time organizing my calendar to accommodate the many tasks I have to complete, I still negotiate with time on getting them done. I wrestle with working eight hours on a regular job, devoting two to four hours per week to working and attending my church, allowing two to four hours for online school and study, saving time to spend with my sons, and oh my me time (can’t forget that†¦yeah right). Now it is a given that in most cases time will win due to the fact I am negotiation with basically 24 hours a day. When you take away time to sleep (approx six to eight hours) which only leave me with 16 hours a day to accomplish a daily task. So then you ask, why negotiate? Organize the calendar, prioritize the task, perform the duty and task is done. NO! You left off my negotiation period. The time when I sit and ponder over will I really have the time to complete the task at hand? The time when I convince myself that I will not get this all done today and may have to do some of this tomorrow. And what do you mean incidentals? Those are not on my schedule and when will I have time for them, I mean goodness, I just shifted a task today to tomorrow to free up time today, and the process starts all over again. This is what I call negotiating with time for time, when there really is no more time than what is given. The negotiation process in itself is a task. To consider a negotiation with two or more people may be more time consuming and a bit difficult to accomplish, especially when you give in account the differences of opinions, the possibility of confusion, and the conflicts of interest. But, to negotiate with time is basically negotiating with self, which leave no room for an opposing opinion only confusion within self and conflict of decision. Bottom-line, who actually negotiates with time? And what is the final outcome? No one may answer this most challenging question, but time is negotiated, perhaps not with just one individual, but many at that same time and on the same subject matter. Time management is not about getting everything done, but getting it done efficiently. The negotiation process is to improve my time management to achieve better results of my time than to redirect my time and achieve nothing. References: Lewicki, R. J. , Saunders, D. M. , Barry, B. (2006). Negotiation (5th ed. ). Boston: McGraw Hill. Retrieved August 17, 2010 from University of Phoenix online e-text material. Stark, Peter. (n. d. ) Negotiation: Putting Time and Information on Your Side. Retrieved August 23, 2010 from http://www. perterstark. com/files

A Streetcar Named Desire Film Analysis free essay sample

These actors take on the difficult task of bringing two complex, emotional characters onto the silver screen. With spot-on reactions to each others theatrical advances, the pair create an experience that is both enjoyable and expressively coherant. Vivian Leigh was cast for the role of Blanch DuBois for various reasons. She was white, slender, beautiful and had already acted in several other films. Tennessee Williams, the author of the original play, saw Leighs performances in plays such as â€Å"The School for Scandal† and â€Å"Antigone†, and decided that she was perfect for the role. All that Leigh needed to change was the color of her hair, which was originally black. Leigh does a splendid job of portraying Blanches ascending insanity by seamlessly transitioning from melodramatic anguish into her signature faux semblants, or pretense. An example of this is the scene where Blanche sits alone in Stellas apartment crying until a delivery man comes to the door. We will write a custom essay sample on A Streetcar Named Desire Film Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Blanche is then quickly transformed into a mysterious temptress who seduces the young man into kissing her. Leighs uncommon ability to switch from such extreme emotions brings a refreshing distinction to the film. Blanches eccentric and offbeat personality requires a talented actress to be be fully realized. Leighs acting style works well with the other actors, and expresses a coherence so profound that one might often forget that she is acting. The role of Harold Mitchell was one that needed to be fulfilled in order for the script to make sense. Mitch is described as being two hundred and seven pounds, six foot one and having â€Å"a massive bone structure†. His physique is an important aspect of his character, thus making it imperative for the actor to meet these conditions to be casted for the role. Karl Malden is tall and bulky, with a large nose and a receding hairline. These traits accenuate Mitchs awkward demeanor and informs the audience of how lonely he is without him having to say it. Malden also shares Leighs ability to transition between emotional extremes. For instance, in the beginning of the scene where Mitch confronts Blanche about her lies, he is silent. Though after hearing more of her absurd grip on reality, he snaps into an aggressive brute who pins Blanche to the wall. Maldens on-screen chemistry with Leigh is apparent throughout the film, and is believable the entire time. Vivian Leigh and Karl Maldens performances perfectly depicted the tragic twosome that is Blanche and Mitch. With Leighs seamless transitions of polar-opposite emotions and Maldens angry yet passsionate fits of rage, the two give what are easily the best performances of the film. From their intriguing introductionto their dreadful departure, no purer chemistry has been captured so passionately.

Environmental Solutions essays

Environmental Solutions essays I once saw an artist in New York paint the word: Possibility in large, blue letters on a brick wall. At the time, Im not sure I understood the significance or the meaning of the work. But now, reflecting on what it meant, I think the artist meant to say that he could have painted anything on that wall, but it is the possibility of what could be, or what could have been that intrigues the mind. I think this idea relates to Bill Mckibbens vision of a world that sustains itself, If you think about what he asks people to start doing. Mckibbens formula for a he calls it, living lightly on the earth is simple. People have to change. Mckibben says on the first page of Hope, Human and Wild that he tries to imagine a world where people arent so wasteful and consume much less. His argument is that we have to restrain ourselves in how much we consume and want. This is not an easy task in our society of buying in bulk and high speed internet, however that is another topic entirely. Mckibben hopes for a future where we limit our pollution and help to rebuild the damage weve already done. He uses examples of Curitiba and Kerala to illustrate his point of how people can contribute more to the environment around them. One of Mckibbens biggest points is how we have to be more efficient in how we live. Their lessons are mainly about learning to do with less, or at least with different - with buses instead of cars, with community instead of splendid suburban independence, with preventive health care instead of high-tech medicine, with creativity instead of big budgets, with sharing instead of individual accumulation. (54) Mckibben is talking about Curitiba and Kerala as exceptions in the case of efficiency as something lacking in todays society. He also explains many ways to achieve this. However, this is not an easy task to achieve. In theory, Mckibbens view of a more effici...

The Iraq War Vietnam Revisited Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

The Iraq War Vietnam Revisited - Essay Example is making attempts to form an Iraqi legitimate state contrary to a background of insurgency, resulting in American death tolls and slight approval at home" (Grigg 12). "In Vietnam, we were making attempts to support the government that possessed too little legitimacy. But in Iraq, we're making attempts to form a government as well as back it up in such a way that it can advance legitimacy. And the things are utterly difficult to fulfill," explained W. Andrew Terrill (29). American policymakers have turned down ideas that Iraq, currently a major American battle-front front against terrorism, represents a Vietnam-like morass for 135,000 American troops that are inside the country. Though, for example, Terrill and Record consider there are very few war similarities between Iraq and Vietnam, when Communist armed forces supported by the U.S.S.R. and China defeated 500,000 U American troops (20). Despite this facts and ideas the authors of the report called Iraq and Vietnam: Differences, Similarities and Insights caution against dreadful after-effects in the case when the Vietnamese political lessons leave unnoticed. "Reiteration of those Iraqi debacles might result in pernicious after-effects for the American foreign policy," they add (57). The Vietnam War took the lives of not only 58,000 Americans but of 3,000,000 Vietnamese as well. Undoubtedly neither the U.S.A. nor the Iraqi people nor the rest of the world wants to see such horror events once again. Some experts consider that resemblance between Iraq and Vietnam is shallow but at the same time deep. This shallow resemblance is fully understandable and must serve just to attract our attention. Though the deeper resemblance must form policy and compel to choose alternatives that should appeal to our fears if they can result in the outcome possibly even more disastrous than during the Vietnam War (Hanson 33). America's involvement in Vietnam has, as a result, attracted much critical scrutiny, frequently addressed to the question, "Who was guilty" - "Who led the United States into this tragedy" A more enlightening question, it seems, is "How and why did this tragedy occur" The study of Vietnam should be a search for explanation and understanding, rather than for scapegoats. Focusing on one important period in this long and complicated story-the brief but critical months from November 1964 to July 1965, when America crossed the threshold from limited to large-scale war in Vietnam - helps to answer that question. For the crucial decisions of this period resulted from the interplay of longstanding ideological attitudes, diplomatic assumptions, and political pressures with decisive contemporaneous events in America and Vietnam (Powell 73). Victory in World War II produced a sea change in America's perception of its role in world affairs. Political leaders of both parties embraced a sweepingly new vision of the

Porter s 5 forces analysis and a life cycle analysis - why is the Assignment

Porter s 5 forces analysis and a life cycle analysis - why is the Australian Car Manufacturing Industry closing down - Assignment Example Although global and local economic conditions have played a major part in the death of the manufacturing industry, blame has also been placed on the many parties and factors involved. By studying the current state of the industry and using porter’s five forces analysis, we can better discern as to what the main drivers were that caused the ultimate death of the Australian automotive manufacturing industry. The Australian car manufacturing industry has become far too small to be sustainable for any particular manufacturer. Australia’s three car manufacturers Holden, Ford and GM all announced they would shut down their local manufacturing operations within nine months of each other. With the local economy facing harsh times it seems that with current size of the market and increased competition from imports has simply gotten too small to be profitable. As a matter of fact, the size of the market had gotten so small that all three companies began to rely on each other just to survive and stay afloat. It has been a long time coming, the death of the Australian auto manufacturing industry. Although, there have been many interrelated reasons that have caused the slow demise of the industry many individuals put the most of the blame on the federal government. It has been blamed for much of the troubles that have negatively affected local manufacturers from their low import tariffs. Many of the federal government initiatives such as their Free Trade Agreements with China and India, low import tariffs, and the controversial automotive financial bailouts have created an industry that cannot sustain itself. Others place the blame to the car manufacturer themselves that used the Australian government like their own piggybank to bail them out financially. Additionally, the federal government and their economic policy itself have created a nation with relatively high wages, strong currency coupled with the extremely low

Creepy figure Essay Example for Free

Creepy figure Essay Miss Havisham seems a particularly creepy figure as she sits at a dressing table in an old, yellowed wedding gown. The room seems to be frozen in time, and Miss Havisham, dressed as a bride, looks more like a corpse. When Pip sees Miss Havisham, she is still wearing her wedding dress. She was dressed in rich materials satins, and lace, and silks all of white. Her shoes were white. And she had a long white vail, dependant from her hair, and she had bridal flowers in her hair, but her hair was white. Making Miss Havisham wear her wedding dress at first gives us the impression that she maybe is meant to be getting married that day. However we do soon find out that she has been in her dress for years. This shows us that Miss Havisham is depressed. Throughout the next 10 or so chapters, Pip leaves and moves to London with the money from an unknown source. Pip becomes a gentleman living with his friend. In Chapter 27, Joe Gargery comes to visit Pip in London. After Pip reads the letter from Joes new wife, he then says Let me confess exactly with what feelings I looked forward to Joes coming. Not with pleasure This sentence shows us that Pip had grown up and matured also. And even become a snob. Pip now looks down on Joe as he is common and not a gentleman like Pip. These few lines spoken by Pip start to make us feel a bit distant from him as he is now so different, its as if the reader doesnt know this man. When Pip arrives, he greets Joe saying How are you Joe? to which Joe replies Pip, how air you Pip? Joes speech is a garbled attempt at sounding over-eloquent. It could read as if Joe is mimicking Pip, trying to say that he is posh, however, I think that all Joe is trying to do is act more upper class than he is infront of Pip so as not to embarrass him. However, he does. Joe then says Us two being alone now sir- as to which Pip interrupts. By calling Pip Sir, and he seems to use his hat to divert his nervous energy, and its constantly falling on the floor. This passage makes the reader feel uncomfortable for both Pip and Joe as the use of dramatic irony sets in. We know what both the characters are thinking and feeling, yet they do not. In Chapter 48, we read that Pip has to travel back to meet Miss Havisham. She has requested to meet with him. In chapter 49 Pip arrives at Miss Havishams house. On of the first few lines we read are after Miss Havisham say Thank you to Pip and we read that Pip remarked a new expression on her face, as if she were afraid of me. This shows automatically that there has been a role reversal. Earlier Pip had been weak and timid and now it is as if Miss Havisham is the child. The cruelty of her actions seems to have finally hit her, and she breaks down, crying What have I done! and even falls to her knees before Pip and begs his forgiveness. Dickens uses Miss Havisham in this Chapter as if she had seen the light and wants to repent her sins. At first in the book we dont really like her, but now as she repents we grow fond of her and do indeed like her. Pip leaves the room, though returns a few minutes later on some odd presentiment. Just as he walks through the door, the old womans dress catches fire, and Pip wrestles her to the ground to smother the flames. Both of them are burned, Miss Havisham so badly that she is wrapped in gauze and laid out on the bridal table, in a sort of hideous echo of her normal white bridal gear. The doctor warns that there is danger of her going into nervous shock. To conclude. Charles Dickens, one of the great writers of his time, uses many different techniques in Great Expectations to manipulate the readers feelings towards a character, such as repetition, confusion, the use of colours and dramatic irony. He uses his techniques to make us feel sorry for the bad characters yet he controls this so that by the end we do Infact like them, which is why he is know worldwide for his work today.

Harry Houdini Essay -- Essays Papers

Harry Houdini What comes to mind when one thinks of Harry Houdini? There are many things one could say, magic, escapes, perseverance, hard work, determination, fame, etc. Houdini was a master magician as well as a superb escape artist. (Harry 1) Houdini was one of the most determined men in history. He was so obsessed with achieving his goal that no matter what got in his way he pushed it aside. Even if it were his parents he would ignore them. Many things got in his way but he was so focused that he ignored them. This is the story of the greatest Magician that ever lived. On April 6th, 1874 Ehrich Weiss (Harry Houdini) was born to Rabbi Mayer Samuel Weiss and his wife Cecelia on March 24 in Budapest, Hungary. (Timeline 1874 1) After Erich was born, his father had many problems in Hungary and came to Wisconsin. The Weiss family joined Rabbi Weiss in Appleton, Wisconsin, where he led a small Reform congregation. At age nine, Ehrich and some neighborhood friends establish a five-cent circus. Wearing red woolen stockings, he bills himself as "Ehrich, The Prince of the Air." (Timeline 1874 1) Harry Houdini lived a very rough childhood. His father had failure after failure. Since Weiss couldn’t survive in Wisconsin, he brought Erich with him to New York City. In the city, they lived in a boardinghouse on East Seventy-ninth Street. Ehrich works a variety of jobs to help support the family. In 1891, Ehrich teamed up with Jacob Hyman, a friend from his job at neckwear cutting firm. They form a magic act called â€Å"The Brothers Houdini.† (Timeline 1874 1) All his life Ehrich loved magic. One magician he especially admired was Robert-Eugene Houdin. Ehrich started calling himself â€Å"Harry Houdini.† The next year Eric experienced a grave tragedy. His father died on October 5, 1892 at the age of 63. (Timeline 1874 1) Ehrich was seventeen years old. He had experienced such a hard life that he just kept on going. Many people said that his childhood was the reason that he was so mentally strong and determined. Meanwhile â€Å"Harry† as he called himself now was performing on the Midway at the World’s Columbian Exposition in Chicago. Later that same year, Jacob Hyman left The Brothers Houdini and was replaced by Harry’s brother Theodore, or Dash as he liked to be called. That summer, Harry met fellow performer Wilhelmina Beatrice Rahner. After three weeks of getting to... ...(Timeline 1912 1) Later that year, the legacy of Harry Houdini ended as he died in Detroit on Halloween, from complications of appendicitis. Several days earlier, a student had struck him in the stomach in his dressing room, even though he was hurt, he refused to cancel his shows until it was too late. His death triggered mourning and tributes around the world. Houdini's funeral was held on November 4th at the Elks Clubhouse on West Forty-third Street in New York. As many as two thousand mourners packed the ballroom, and the event was widely covered. (Timeline 1912 1) In conclusion, I feel that Harry Houdini was the greatest Magician that ever lived. He was so talented that he was able to do more than just magic. He amazed people for years and was probably 100 years ahead of his time. Harry Houdini will never be forgotten for his achievements. Works Cited Harry Houdini, Master Magician: A study of a master’s childhood and how it affected his adulthood. December 13,2000 Timeline of Harry Houdini’s Life, 1874-1898 December 15, 2000 Timeline of Harry Houdini’s Life, 1899-1910 . December 15, 2000 Timeline of Harry Houdini’s Life, 1912-1926 December 15, 2000

Activity-Based Costing: a Case Study on a Taiwanese Essay

The aim of this paper is to analyze the operational costs of a hot spring inn in the Yang-Ming-Shan area of Taiwan. The activity-based costing method was used to compute lodging, hot spring use and meal serving costs per customer. This paper overcomes all the obstacles to implementing full-scale ABC-based accounting to this hot spring country inn. In this case, products, defined as hot spring use, lodging and meal serving are used as the cost objects. We define five activity centers: the cleaning activity center, the customer service center, the cooking and foodservice center, the reception service center and the management center. Finally, we use the ABC method to calculate the costs of hot spring use, lodging and meal serving as NT$ 31.64, NT$ 306.21 and NT$ 67.28 per customer respectively in the busy winter seasons. The paper also compares the ABC method with the traditional costing method and concludes that the ABC method is practical and appropriate for such a hot spring country inn and yields more accurate information for cost management and pricing decisions. Key Words: Activity-Based costing, Country Inn, Hot Spring, Cost Analysis 1. Introduction Researchers in management accounting have traditionally been, above all, interested in the accounting systems of large manufacturing companies. Most accounting researchers interested in service production have conducted their research in non-profit seeking, public-sector organizations (Pellinen 2003, p. 217). Outside the non-profit sector, the number of studies on the management accounting practices of service organizations (profit seeking) have remained very limited (Brignall et al., 1991; Sharma, 2002). More unfortunately, non-traditional lodging, (i.e. the B&B industry), is totally lacking in management accounting research, in contrast with the traditional lodging industry, which is quite well-researched. The aim of this paper is to illustrate how activity-based costing (ABC) can be applied to a hot spring country inn in order to obtain information on activities and products for decision making purposes. ABC is a cost-accounting method that allocates resource costs to products using a two stage procedure on the basis of activity consumption by drivers. It’s a method which can overcome many of the limitations of traditional cost systems which can distort product cost because they allocate the overhead costs to products mainly by direct labor hours (or volume-related measures). This is particularly prone to result in distortions in cases where there is a large overhead ratio or a high degree of product diversity. The country inn style of non-traditional lodging, especially suitable for ABC application, has various products such as lodging, hot spring use and dining which belong to different market segments. The indirect costs of this inn constitute an important proportion of the total costs (53.46%). In such a typical situation, the valuing of products of this inn may be distorted by a traditional accounting system. This article portrays an attempt to apply the ABC model to a hot spring country inn where the managers normally use a traditional accounting method to acquire product cost information. Our case study is presented in the hope of contributing to management accounting research in the non-traditional accommodations area. In addition to the introduction, there are four main sections in this paper. The subsequent section reviews previous research in management accounting for the lodging industry. The third section presents the ABC model. The fourth section illustrates the implementation of ABC in a specific case. The fifth section compares results of the ABC method and the traditional method. Some conclusions are presented in section six. 2. Literature review Poorani and Smith (1995, p. 58, 63) observe: â€Å"The hotel and the B&B industry have very different financial aspects arising from contrasting ownership motives. In the hotel industry the emphasis is on maximizing profitability whereas the B&B industry has been traditionally characterized by innkeepers who embarked on inn-keeping as a second career to satisfy lifestyle goals. But the current economic environment has blurred that distinction. Hoteliers are trying to be more sensitive to customers’ needs and create an environment for personalized service. Meanwhile, many entrepreneurs are entering the B&B segment with strictly financial motives†. Their investigations attribute financial characteristics to the B&B industry and find that innkeepers in USA with midsize and larger operations not only were highly successful in reaching their career goals but also achieved their economic objectives as measured by return on investment and equity. However, notwithstanding the importance of financial aspects, the studies in cost structure of the B&B industry anywhere in the world were rare. One reason is the inn’s private-ownership arrangements; others are the fragmented industry structure and the lack of systematic cost and revenue data. Unlike the situation in the B&B industry, there have been a large number of studies in the hotel industry. In the management accounting side of the tourism industry, research has been conducted both in tourism management research and in accounting research. Studies have been carried out in passenger transportation (Dent, 1991; Rouse et al., 2002), restaurants (Ahrens and Chapman, 2002), and hotels (Downie, 1997; Edgar, 1998; Noone and Griffin, 1999; Mia and Patiar, 2001; Pellinen, 2003). Downie (1997, p310) emphases the importance of considering how accounting information can be analyzed to support marketing decisions more effectively. Noone and Griffin (1999, p111-128) designed a customer profitability analysis (CPA) integrating activity-based costing (ABC) and customer segments in order to find profit yield in a hotel. Mia and Patiar, (2001, p111) interviewed only 35 managers and indicated that general managers and department managers took equal account of the management accounting system, but general managers were more content with the accounting system and valued financial information more than department managers. Pellinen (2003, p217) studied the pricing decisions in six tourism enterprises (including a hotel) and suggested the enterprises observed all took their prices from the leading company. Thus, the importance of cost accounting is limited with reference to pricing decisions from the managerial viewpoint. Obviously, most of the studies have focused on hotels. As Harris and Brown (1998, p161) pointed out, hotels, which typically comprise food, beverage and lodging, can be used to illustrate that the context of the hospitality product can provide a complete range of characteristics in a single arena. Actually, the B&B industry also has all those characteristics. But this segment, specifically nontraditional lodging (including B&B inns, country inns, small hotels, condominiums, and vacation homes), has remained an enigma to industry analysts and researchers. Lanier et al. (2000, p91) think this is in part because the analysts and researchers willfully overlook it in favor of the traditional lodging industry, pleading lack of data (Statistics dealing with properties of fewer than 20 rooms are usually estimated or based on small samples. Since most country inns do not reach the 20-room threshold, statistics for these properties have not been collected regularly, unlike other industry segments). This is so prevalent in studying management accounting in the accommodation industry and that there is a huge lag for researchers to make up for. Summarizing the above, previous studies on accounting and product costing, pricing of hotels propose that : (1) the knowledge in accounting is essential in hotel management, (2) the connection between accounting information and marketing is important, and (3) activity-based costing, cost-volume-profit analysis, yield management, and segment profit analysis were among the most relevant management accounting methods, (4) the lack of management accounting research in non-traditional lodging industry needs to be made up. 3. Activity-based costing Cooper and Kaplan (1988) have developed what they believe is a better alternative to the traditional cost calculation model. They argue that as products differ in the complex process of manufacture, they consume activities in different proportions. The activity-based costing method (ABC) promoted by Cooper and Kaplan provides a more accurate measure of cost because it traces indirect costs more closely with regard to the different types of activities consumed. Armed with knowledge of what activities are consumed by each product and the resource cost of each activity, one can budget costs for a diversity of products. However, the traditional accounting method usually assigns overhead costs of products by using volume-related allocation bases such as labor hours, direct labor costs, direct material costs, machine hours, etc. This will not critically distort the product costs as the overheads are just a small portion of the production process. But in situation where there is a large diversity of products, or where there is a high level of automation, as Brimson (1991, p. 179) pointed out, the overheads’ distortion will be significant. In our case, for example, high-volume products (hot spring use) may consume more direct labor hours than low-volume products (meal serving), but do not necessarily consume more purchasing activity costs. The ABC model applied to the case of this hot spring country inn is depicted in figure 1. The ABC systems focus on the accurate cost assignment of overheads to products. In the cost assignment view, the assignment of costs through ABC occurs in two stages: cost objects (i.e., products or services) consume activities, activities consume resource costs. In practice, this means that resource costs are assigned to various activity centers by using resource drivers in the first stage. An activity center is composed of a group of related activities, usually defined by function or process. The group of resource drivers is the factor chosen to estimate the consumption of resources by the activities in the activity centers. Every type of resource assigned to an activity center becomes a cost element in an activity cost pool. And, in the second stage, each activity cost is distributed to cost objects by using Figure 1 ABC Model in a Hot Spring Country Inn a suitable activity driver to measure the consumption of activities by products or services (Turney, 1992). Then, the total cost can be calculated by adding the various activities costs to a specific product or service. And the total cost divided by the quantity of the product can acquire the unit cost of product. In our case, the inn provides three products, lodging, hot spring use and meal serving. We define five activity centers, namely the cleaning center, the customer service center, the reception center, the cooking and foodservice center and the management center. Each activity center is composed of related activities, clustered by their function. As Harris and Brown (1998, p161-162) indicated, a hotel operation can be used as an example of hospitality products, in the same way the elements of a hot spring country inn of the B&B industry also can be used to illustrate non traditional accommodation products. For instance, the provision of rooms constitutes a nearly ‘pure service’ product incorporating a large proportion of service elements. It can be defined as the rental of a certain amount of space for a specified period of time and is thus an intangible good containing a high level of service provision. The provision of hot spring use also represents a service product: it includes hot spring rental and service activities. Furthermore, the meal serving provision, comprised of purchasing, distribution and conversion of food into meals, again constitutes a service product. The main advantage of ABC lies in that it provides a more accurate and real cost computation, especially in situations in which product diversity is important and in which the indirect costs, not directly traceable to the products, represent an important proportion of the total costs. In addition, ABC also allows a deeper level analysis of product costs by explaining the relationship between products and activities. The improved accuracy of perception of the cost structure of products and the continuous process improvements in the various departments of an enterprise provide the substance of activity-based management (i.e. using ABC to improve a business). Studies of the implementation of ABC exist in various fields, e.g. of universities (Cropper and Cook, 2000), a hotel (Noone and Griffin, 1999), library service (Ellis-Newman and Robinson, 1998), distribution logistics (Pirttilà ¤ and Hautaniemi, 1995; Themido et al. 2000), (all of which belong to the service sector); of a manufacturing company (Spedding and Sun, 1999), an assembly line (Gunasekaran and Singh, 1999), (which belong to the manufacturing sector); of a wholesale fish market (Lee and Kao, 2001), (agricultural sector); and of a radiotherapy unit (Lievens et al., 2003), (medical sector). All of them agree that ABC is a useful accounting model and able to obtain more accurate information about the cost structure as long as implementing managers choose the right drivers and define activities well. However, it is generally accepted that there is no universally appropriate accounting system suitable to all organizations in all circumstances (Emmanuel et al., 1990). But as Harris and Brown (1998, p162) point out, management accounting needs to be carried out in the context of the hospitality product in order to supply the necessary information for decision-makers if researchers expect to make a significant contribution to the industry.

French Expression Etre Dans Son Assiette - French Plate

Lets start with a mistake you hear all the time: be careful to not say une assiette (a plate) instead of un sià ¨ge (a seat). Students get confused because the verb for to seat is sasseoir, so they think une assiette is related. Hence the mistake. A Plate Une Assiette We have different kind of plates used for different courses: Les Assiettes Plates (Flat): une petite assiette (une assiette à   fromage, une assiette à   dessert par exemple) - smaller plate used for cheese or dessert for example.une grande assiette (une assiette à   entremet) - a bigger plate, used for the main course.une assiette à   pain - a very small plate for the breadNote that a very small plate to put under a cup is called une soucoupe.   Les Assiettes Creuses (Deeper Plate) une assiette à   soupe: soup plate Les Plats (Serving Dishes) There are too many to list: des plats creux (deeper), des plats plats (yes, flat serving dish), and we often sort them by their shape or use : un plat rond, oval, carrà © (round, oval, square...), un plat à   poisson (for the fish), un plat à   tarte (pie)... un plat pour le four (for the oven). Ne Pas Être Dans Son Assiette   This weird idiom means to not feel/look well, to feel/look depressed.   Et bien, Camille, à §a va ? Tu es sure ? Tu nas pas lair dans ton assiette.Well, Camille, are you OK? Are you sure? You dont look well. And it has nothing to do with a plate! Actually, it does come from sasseoir, and has to do with the position one is sitting: Lassiette. Its an old French word, that nowadays is only used for horseback riding. We say: un bon cavalier a une bonne assiette. (a good rider has a good sitting position). Otherwise, the French word une assiette is used for a plate, thats all. Note that for the idiom ne pas à ªtre dans son assiette will always be used in the negative, and the possessive adjective will change to agree with the person you are talking about. Regarde Pierre : il na pas lair dans son assiette.Look at Pierre: he doesnt look well.